Cov khoom siv superconducting tuaj yeem faib dav rau hauv peb qhov chaw: ntuj hlau, alloys, thiab cov tebchaw. Qhov ntxov tshaj plaws pom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yog cov hlau xws li mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), thiab tin (Sn), uas nthuav tawm superconductivity nyob ze - qhov kub tsis txias. Kev tshawb fawb ntxiv tau qhia tias cov hlau alloying nyob rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem kuj tseem tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom siv qis -kub superconducting nrog cov kub tseem ceeb dua thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb, xws li niobium-tin (Nb3Sn) thiab niobium-titanium (NbTi). Cov ntaub ntawv no tau siv dav hauv kev sib nqus resonance imaging (MRI), particle accelerators, thiab siab - teb cov hlau nplaum.
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm tooj liab oxide siab -kub superconductors nthuav dav ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv superconducting. High-kub superconductors feem ntau yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw ua ke ntawm tooj liab, oxygen, thiab lwm yam tsis tshua muaj - ntiaj teb lossis alkaline- ntiaj teb hlau, xws li YBCO (yttrium barium tooj liab oxide) thiab BSCCO (bismuth strontium calcium tooj liab oxide). Tsis tas li ntawd, hlau -raws li superconductors yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom xws li hlau, arsenic, thiab selenium; cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau yog synthesized chemically los ntawm siab -kub khoom- xeev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los yog kev daws teeb meem.
Niaj hnub nimno superconducting cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws los tswj lawv cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov qauv siv lead ua, thiab qib impurity, yog li ua kom qhov kub thiab txias, qhov tseem ceeb tam sim no, thiab cov hlau nplaum tiv taus. Txawm hais tias tej yam ntuj tso hlau tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv paus, feem ntau ntawm cov khoom siv superconducting siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv tau yog composites los yog alloys npaj los ntawm chemical synthesis thiab cov ntaub ntawv engineering cov tswv yim.
